The Lincoln Motion Picture Company in Context

To say that black film did not exist before George and Noble Johnson began the Lincoln Motion Picture Company is a misnomer; black themes and subject matter in short and feature-length fiction, documentaries, and animated films had vital impacts on these varying creative projects, both foreign and domestic. Musical tracks by Louis Armstrong or Edward “Duke” Ellington were massively impactful on cultural touchstones such as Daniel’s tracks for Betty Boop or Duke’s efforts on the track “Minnie the Moocher.” Participation by black writers, actors, directors, etc. was common in the silent film era, though their inclusion in various projects was often downplayed or ignored. 

Beyond ignorance and silencing was active hostility and racism depicted in major films. Docudramas like those purportedly from Theodore Roosevelt’s east African safaris in 1909 portrayed Africans from the countryside as brutal and without common decency, depicting the African pastoral scene as one of either savagery or, at its very best, as a quaint, primitive pre-civilization. In most films in America at the time, minstrelsy and blackface was king, with white actors portraying black caricatures in stereotypical ways, the most notable of which was The Birth of a Nation, a revisionist look at the Reconstruction era of the South chock full of minstrelsy and glorified lynching. The first film to be shown at the White House, it was released in 1915 just one year before George and Noble Johnson began their company in 1916.